Fluorescent dyes yog cov sib txuas nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb, thiab lawv cov qauv yam ntxwv feem ntau suav nrog peb yam hauv qab no:
(1) Cov roj molecule muaj cov pab pawg fluorescent-emitting, xws li cov pab pawg carbonyl, nitrogen-nitrogen ob chav nyiaj sib xyaw, carbon-nitrogen ob daim ntawv cog lus, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Cov molecule muaj cov pab pawg pab pawg. Lub koomhaum pab pawg ua rau cov pom kev hloov xim liab thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig fluorescence, xws li thawj cov pab pawg amino, pawg amino theem ob, pawg hydroxyl, ether bond, amide pab pawg thiab lwm yam.
(3) Cov qauv molecule muaj cov kab sib txuas nrog cov phiaj xwm dav dav. Qhov loj dua ntawm cov intramolecular conjugated system, lub zog qhov kev npaj cia siab dua, ntau dua qhov siv fluorescence. Qee yam tuaj yeem txhim kho qib kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem nce cov txiaj ntsig fluorescence thiab hloov lub fluorescence wavelength mus rau kev yoj mus ntev.
